Volume 9
Issue No. 1
Lin,
Ji-Ping and Ching-Lung Tsay
“Labor Migration and Allocation
of Human Resources
in Taiwan: Return and Onward Cases,” Vol. 9 (1), p.1-34, 2000.
Utilizing the 1990 Population and Housing Census of Taiwan, this paper attempted to examine return and onward labor migration and to identify their determinants by applying a three-level nested logit model. The study found that urban-to-rural movements mainly characterize return migration while onward migration is mostly inter-urban movements. Returnees in general tend to be less “successful” than their onward counterparts in the labor market. Other than the experience of “disappointment” in the market, location-specific capital left behind exerts a strong positive effect on return migration. Onward migrants are rather sensitive to market forces and spatial disparities in economic opportunities. In order to improve the efficiency of relocating human resources, the corresponding policy should focus more on measures that help “open up” market information for the labor force.
Yoon,
In-Jin
“Forced
Relocation, Language Use, and Ethnic Identity of Koreans
in Central Asia,”
Vol. 9 (1), p. 35-64, 2000.
This article deals with the current situation of language use, ethnic identity, and ethnic relations of Koreans in Central Asia. The primary set of data for this study came from a sample survey of 1,302 Koreans in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Moscow, Sankt Perterburg, and Sakhalin done in July 1997 through March 1998. Raymond Breton’s concept of institutional completeness proved to be useful in explaining the regional and temporal differences in the level of assimilation of Koreans to Russian culture and society. High levels of education and occupational upward mobility of Koreans in urban areas, historical experiences and structural conditions have contributed to the assimilation of Koreans in Russian society. Nonetheless, Koreans have maintained high levels of ethnic identity primarily because ethnicity is a socially imposed and recognized marker, differentiating Koreans from others and limiting their life chances.
Djamba,
Yanyi K., Sidney Goldstein and Alice Goldstein
"Migration and Occupational Changes During Periods of Economic Transition:
Women and Men in
Vietnam
This paper examines the impact of internal migration on gender differences in occupational mobility after the introduction of economic reform (Doi Moi) in Vietnam. Data derived from a survey conducted in 1997 in six provinces of Vietnam provide the basis for comparing the experience of permanent migrants, temporary migrants, and non-migrants. The results show that migration reduces gender differences in occupational distribution by increasing women’s participation in traditionally male occupations. But men’s relative advantage in occupational mobility over women’s remains. The multivariate analysis showed that permanent male migrants were more likely to be upwardly mobile than females if their move occurred in the later Doi Moi. Such findings suggest that the freedom of movement and the ability to engage in private enterprise, while allowing women more autonomy, have not yet successfully promoted female upward occupational mobility.
Hugo,
Graeme
“The Crisis and International Population Movement
in Indonesia,”
Vol. 9 (1), p. 93-129, 2000.
Indonesia is the country most affected by the Asian financial crisis which began in mid-1997 and has been the slowest to recover from it. In the present paper the effects of the first two and a half years of the crisis on international population movements influencing Indonesia are discussed. The crisis has increased economic pressures on potential migrant workers in Indonesia and the result has been increased out-movement. In both pre and post-crisis situations this was dominated by women, at least among official migrant workers. The crisis has tightened the labor market in some of Indonesia’s main destination countries but the segmentation of the labor market in those countries has limited the impact of the crisis in reducing jobs in those countries. The crisis has created more pressure on undocumented migrants in destination countries but the extent of repatriation, while higher than in the pre-crisis situation, has been limited. The crisis has directly or indirectly affected other international movements influencing Indonesia including expatriate movement to Indonesia and longer-term, south-north migration out of the country. The policy implications of these changes are discussed including the fact that the crisis has led to an increased appreciation of the importance of contract labor migration by government and greater attention being paid to improving the system for migrants themselves and the country as a whole.